Subscription

The subscription resource is used to define a push-based subscription from a server to another system. Once a subscription is registered with the server, the server checks every resource that is created or updated, and if the resource matches the given criteria, it sends a message on the defined "channel" so that another system can take an appropriate action.

Schema

Elements

Name	Required	Type	Description
status	✓	code	requested | active | error | off Details The status of the subscription, which marks the server state for managing the subscription. A client can only submit subscription resources in the requested or off state. Only the server can move a subscription from requested to active, and then to error. Either the server or the client can turn a subscription off. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.
contact		ContactPoint[]	Contact details for source (e.g. troubleshooting) Details Contact details for a human to contact about the subscription. The primary use of this for system administrator troubleshooting.
end		instant	When to automatically delete the subscription Details The time for the server to turn the subscription off. The server is permitted to deviate from this time but should observe it.
reason	✓	string	Description of why this subscription was created Details A description of why this subscription is defined.
criteria	✓	string	Rule for server push Details The rules that the server should use to determine when to generate notifications for this subscription. The rules are search criteria (without the [base] part). Like Bundle.entry.request.url, it has no leading "/".
error		string	Latest error note Details A record of the last error that occurred when the server processed a notification.
channel	✓	SubscriptionChannel	The channel on which to report matches to the criteria Details Details where to send notifications when resources are received that meet the criteria.
id		string	Unique id for inter-element referencing Details Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
extension		Extension[]	Additional content defined by implementations Details May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
modifierExtension		Extension[]	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Details May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
type	✓	code	rest-hook | websocket | email | sms | message Details The type of channel to send notifications on.
endpoint		url	Where the channel points to Details The url that describes the actual end-point to send messages to. For rest-hook, and websocket, the end-point must be an http: or https: URL; for email, a mailto: url, for sms, a tel: url, and for message the endpoint can be in any form of url the server understands (usually, http: or mllp:). The URI is allowed to be relative; in which case, it is relative to the server end-point (since there may be more than one, clients should avoid using relative URIs).
payload		code	MIME type to send, or omit for no payload Details The mime type to send the payload in - either application/fhir+xml, or application/fhir+json. If the payload is not present, then there is no payload in the notification, just a notification. The mime type "text/plain" may also be used for Email and SMS subscriptions. Sending the payload has obvious security implications. The server is responsible for ensuring that the content is appropriately secured.
header		string[]	Usage depends on the channel type Details Additional headers / information to send as part of the notification. Exactly what these mean depend on the channel type. They can convey additional information to the recipient and/or meet security requirements; for example, support of multiple headers in the outgoing notifications for rest-hook type subscriptions.

Search Parameters

Name	Type	Description	Expression
contact	token	Contact details for the subscription	Subscription.contact
criteria	string	The search rules used to determine when to send a notification	Subscription.criteria
payload	token	The mime-type of the notification payload	Subscription.channel.payload
status	token	The current state of the subscription	Subscription.status
type	token	The type of channel for the sent notifications	Subscription.channel.type
url	uri	The uri that will receive the notifications	Subscription.channel.endpoint
author	reference	The author of the Subscription resource	Subscription.meta.author

Inherited Elements

Name	Required	Type	Description
id		string	Logical id of this artifact Details The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes. The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.
meta		Meta	Metadata about the resource Details The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.
implicitRules		uri	A set of rules under which this content was created Details A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc. Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.
language		code	Language of the resource content Details The base language in which the resource is written. Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).
text		Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation Details A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.
contained		Resource[]	Contained, inline Resources Details These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.
extension		Extension[]	Additional content defined by implementations Details May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
modifierExtension		Extension[]	Extensions that cannot be ignored Details May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Usage

Once a subscription is created, any newly created or updated resources that meet the criteria in the resource cause a notification to be sent using the provided channel. The criteria are Search strings that have the same interpretation as if they were appended to the base URL and submitted using the REST API. Note that the search criteria are applied to the new value of the resource. The consequence of this is that there is no notification when a resource is deleted, or when a resource is updated so that it no longer meets the criteria.

The server is able to send notifications without any information about the matching resource, or with the entire resource.

Several different types of channels are supported:

• rest-hook: A post is made to the URL identified in the Subscription resource. If the subscription requests that the whole resource is included, the URL is interpreted as the service base
• websocket: A PING message is sent to the designated URI
• email/sms: A notification is sent to the nominated email address or SMS number
• message: The resource is sent to the application identified in the URI as a message

See below for further discussion of the various channels. Note that sending the entire resource creates security concerns that must be managed by the server.

Subscriptions are active resources; a server can only accept a subscription if it will execute the specified channel for any resources subsequently received. The subscription is no longer active once it is deleted from the server.

Relationships

As an alternative to subscriptions, the RESTful API describes a polling-based subscription method using bundles and the history operation. This method of polling allows for a much tighter relationship between the client and the server that doesn't involve missing updates and/or deletes.

When using the Subscription resource, the FHIR server combines the roles of publisher and information distributer. Other arrangements of the publish and subscribe pattern describe separate agents for the two roles. Implementers may implement the Subscription resource using an architecture with separate agents, or using any other pub/sub architectire (e.g. see FHIRCast , or, more generally, W3C Pub/Sub ).